Citibank 2012 Annual Report Download - page 271

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Citigroup evaluates the payment/performance risk of the credit derivatives
for which it stands as a protection seller based on the credit rating assigned
to the underlying referenced credit. Where external ratings by nationally
recognized statistical rating organizations (such as Moody’s and S&P)
are used, investment grade ratings are considered to be Baa/BBB or above,
while anything below is considered non-investment grade. The Citigroup
internal ratings are in line with the related external credit rating system.
On certain underlying reference credits, mainly related to over-the-counter
credit derivatives, ratings are not available, and these are included in the not-
rated category. Credit derivatives written on an underlying non-investment
grade reference credit represent greater payment risk to the Company. The
non-investment grade category in the table above primarily includes credit
derivatives where the underlying referenced entity has been downgraded
subsequent to the inception of the derivative.
The maximum potential amount of future payments under credit
derivative contracts presented in the table above is based on the notional
value of the derivatives. The Company believes that the maximum potential
amount of future payments for credit protection sold is not representative
of the actual loss exposure based on historical experience. This amount
has not been reduced by the Company’s rights to the underlying assets and
the related cash flows. In accordance with most credit derivative contracts,
should a credit event (or settlement trigger) occur, the Company is usually
liable for the difference between the protection sold and the recourse it holds
in the value of the underlying assets. Thus, if the reference entity defaults,
Citi will generally have a right to collect on the underlying reference credit
and any related cash flows, while being liable for the full notional amount
of credit protection sold to the buyer. Furthermore, this maximum potential
amount of future payments for credit protection sold has not been reduced
for any cash collateral paid to a given counterparty as such payments would
be calculated after netting all derivative exposures, including any credit
derivatives with that counterparty in accordance with a related master
netting agreement. Due to such netting processes, determining the amount of
collateral that corresponds to credit derivative exposures alone is not possible.
The Company actively monitors open credit risk exposures and manages
this exposure by using a variety of strategies, including purchased credit
derivatives, cash collateral or direct holdings of the referenced assets. This
risk mitigation activity is not captured in the table above.
c redit-r isk-r elated c ontingent Features in Derivatives
Certain derivative instruments contain provisions that require the Company
to either post additional collateral or immediately settle any outstanding
liability balances upon the occurrence of a specified credit-risk-related
event. These events, which are defined by the existing derivative contracts,
are primarily downgrades in the credit ratings of the Company and its
affiliates. The fair value (excluding CVA) of all derivative instruments
with credit-risk-related contingent features that are in a net liability
position at December 31, 2012 and December 31, 2011 is $36 billion and
$33 billion, respectively. The Company has posted $32 billion and $28 billion
as collateral for this exposure in the normal course of business as of
December 31, 2012 and December 31, 2011, respectively.
Each downgrade would trigger additional collateral or cash settlement
requirements for the Company and its affiliates. In the event that each
legal entity was downgraded a single notch by the three rating agencies
as of December 31, 2012, the Company would be required to post an
additional $4.0 billion, as either collateral or settlement of the derivative
transactions. Additionally, the Company would be required to segregate
with third-party custodians collateral previously received from existing
derivative counterparties in the amount of $1.1 billion upon the single
notch downgrade, resulting in aggregate cash obligations and collateral
requirements of approximately $5.1 billion.