Citibank 2015 Annual Report Download - page 157

139
Securities Borrowed and Securities Loaned
Securities borrowing and lending transactions do not constitute a sale
of the underlying securities for accounting purposes and are treated as
collateralized financing transactions. Such transactions are recorded at the
amount of proceeds advanced or received plus accrued interest. As described
in Note 26 to the Consolidated Financial Statements, the Company has
elected to apply fair value accounting to a number of securities borrowing
and lending transactions. Fees paid or received for all securities lending and
borrowing transactions are recorded in Interest expense or Interest revenue
at the contractually specified rate.
The Company monitors the fair value of securities borrowed or loaned on
a daily basis and obtains or posts additional collateral in order to maintain
contractual margin protection.
As described in Note 25 to the Consolidated Financial Statements, the
Company uses a discounted cash flow technique to determine the fair value
of securities lending and borrowing transactions.
Repurchase and Resale Agreements
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase (repos) and securities
purchased under agreements to resell (reverse repos) do not constitute a sale
(or purchase) of the underlying securities for accounting purposes and are
treated as collateralized financing transactions. As described in Note 26 to the
Consolidated Financial Statements, the Company has elected to apply fair
value accounting to the majority of such transactions, with changes in fair
value reported in earnings. Any transactions for which fair value accounting
has not been elected are recorded at the amount of cash advanced or received
plus accrued interest. Irrespective of whether the Company has elected fair
value accounting, interest paid or received on all repo and reverse repo
transactions is recorded in Interest expense or Interest revenue at the
contractually specified rate.
Where the conditions of ASC 210-20-45-11, Balance Sheet-Offsetting:
Repurchase and Reverse Repurchase Agreements, are met, repos and
reverse repos are presented net on the Consolidated Balance Sheet.
The Company’s policy is to take possession of securities purchased under
reverse repurchase agreements. The Company monitors the fair value of
securities subject to repurchase or resale on a daily basis and obtains or posts
additional collateral in order to maintain contractual margin protection.
As described in Note 25 to the Consolidated Financial Statements, the
Company uses a discounted cash flow technique to determine the fair value
of repo and reverse repo transactions.
Loans
Loans are reported at their outstanding principal balances net of any
unearned income and unamortized deferred fees and costs except that
credit card receivable balances also include accrued interest and fees. Loan
origination fees and certain direct origination costs are generally deferred
and recognized as adjustments to income over the lives of the related loans.
As described in Note 26 to the Consolidated Financial Statements, Citi has
elected fair value accounting for certain loans. Such loans are carried at fair
value with changes in fair value reported in earnings. Interest income on
such loans is recorded in Interest revenue at the contractually specified rate.
Loans for which the fair value option has not been elected are classified
upon origination or acquisition as either held-for-investment or held-for-sale.
This classification is based on management’s initial intent and ability with
regard to those loans.
Loans that are held-for-investment are classified as Loans, net of
unearned income on the Consolidated Balance Sheet, and the related cash
flows are included within the cash flows from investing activities category
in the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows on the line Change in loans.
However, when the initial intent for holding a loan has changed from held-
for-investment to held-for-sale, the loan is reclassified to held-for-sale, but
the related cash flows continue to be reported in cash flows from investing
activities in the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows on the line Proceeds
from sales and securitizations of loans.
Consumer Loans
Consumer loans represent loans and leases managed primarily by the Global
Consumer Banking (GCB) businesses and Citi Holdings.
Consumer Non-Accrual and Re-Aging Policies
As a general rule, interest accrual ceases for installment and real estate (both
open- and closed-end) loans when payments are 90 days contractually past
due. For credit cards and other unsecured revolving loans, however, Citi
generally accrues interest until payments are 180 days past due. As a result
of OCC guidance, home equity loans in regulated bank entities are classified
as non-accrual if the related residential first mortgage is 90 days or more
past due. Also as a result of OCC guidance, mortgage loans in regulated bank
entities discharged through Chapter 7 bankruptcy, other than FHA-insured
loans, are classified as non-accrual. Commercial market loans are placed on
a cash (non-accrual) basis when it is determined, based on actual experience
and a forward-looking assessment of the collectability of the loan in full, that
the payment of interest or principal is doubtful or when interest or principal
is 90 days past due.
Loans that have been modified to grant a concession to a borrower
in financial difficulty may not be accruing interest at the time of the
modification. The policy for returning such modified loans to accrual status
varies by product and/or region. In most cases, a minimum number of
payments (ranging from one to six) is required, while in other cases the loan
is never returned to accrual status. For regulated bank entities, such modified
loans are returned to accrual status if a credit evaluation at the time of, or
subsequent to, the modification indicates the borrower is able to meet the
restructured terms, and the borrower is current and has demonstrated a
reasonable period of sustained payment performance (minimum six months
of consecutive payments).