PNC Bank 2011 Annual Report Download - page 139

Additional Asset Quality Indicators
We have two overall portfolio segments – Commercial
Lending and Consumer Lending. Each of these two segments
is comprised of one or more loan classes. Classes are
characterized by similarities in initial measurement, risk
attributes and the manner in which we monitor and assess
credit risk. The commercial segment is comprised of the
commercial, commercial real estate, equipment lease
financing, and commercial purchased impaired loan classes.
The consumer segment is comprised of the home equity,
residential real estate, credit card, other consumer, and
consumer purchased impaired loan classes. Asset quality
indicators for each of these loan classes are discussed in more
detail below.
Commercial Loan Class
For commercial loans, we monitor the performance of the
borrower in a disciplined and regular manner based upon the
level of credit risk inherent in the loan. To evaluate the level
of credit risk, we assign an internal risk rating reflecting the
borrower’s PD and LGD. This two-dimensional credit risk
rating methodology provides risk granularity in the monitoring
process on an ongoing basis. At least annually, we update PDs
based upon market data. Additionally, when statistically
significant historical data exists, we update our LGDs. The
combination of the PD and LGD ratings assigned to a
commercial loan, capturing both the combination of
expectations of default and loss severity in event of default,
reflects the relative estimated likelihood of loss for that loan at
the reporting date. Loans with better PD and LGD have the
lowest likelihood of loss. Conversely, loans with worse PD
and LGD have the highest likelihood of loss. The loss amount
also considers EAD, which we update when statistically
significant historical data exists.
Based upon the amount of the lending arrangement and our
risk rating assessment, we follow a formal schedule of written
periodic review. On a quarterly basis, we conduct formal
reviews of a market’s or business unit’s entire loan portfolio,
focusing on those loans which we perceive to be of higher
risk, based upon PDs and LGDs, or weakening credit quality.
If circumstances warrant, it is our practice to review any
customer obligation and its level of credit risk more
frequently. We attempt to proactively manage our loans by
using various procedures that are customized to the risk of a
given loan, including ongoing outreach, contact, and
assessment of obligor financial conditions, collateral
inspection and appraisal.
Commercial Real Estate Loan Class
We manage credit risk associated with our commercial real
estate projects and commercial mortgage activities similar to
commercial loans by analyzing PD and LGD. However, due to
the nature of the collateral, for commercial real estate projects
and commercial mortgages, the LGDs tend to be significantly
lower than those seen in the commercial class. Additionally,
risks connected with commercial real estate projects and
commercial mortgage activities tend to be correlated to the
loan structure and collateral location, project progress and
business environment. As a result, these attributes are also
monitored and utilized in assessing credit risk.
As with the commercial class, a formal schedule of periodic
review is performed to also assess market/geographic risk and
business unit/industry risk. Often as a result of these
overviews, more in-depth reviews and increased scrutiny is
placed on areas of higher risk, including adverse changes in
risk ratings, deteriorating operating trends, and/or areas that
concern management. The goal of these reviews is to assess
risk and take actions to mitigate our exposure to such risks.
Equipment Lease Financing Loan Class
We manage credit risk associated with our equipment lease
financing class similar to commercial loans by analyzing PD
and LGD.
Based upon the dollar amount of the lease and of the level of
credit risk, we follow a formal schedule of periodic review.
Generally, this occurs on a quarterly basis, although we have
established practices to review such credit risk more
frequently, if circumstances warrant. Our review process
entails analysis of the following factors: equipment value/
residual value, exposure levels, jurisdiction risk, industry risk,
guarantor requirements, and regulatory compliance.
Commercial Purchased Impaired Loans Class
The credit impacts of purchased impaired loans are primarily
determined through the estimation of expected cash flows.
Commercial cash flow estimates are influenced by a number
of credit related items, which include but are not limited to:
estimated collateral values, receipt of additional collateral,
secondary trading prices, circumstances of possible and/or
ongoing liquidation, capital availability, business operations
and payment patterns.
We attempt to proactively manage these factors by using
various procedures that are customized to the risk of a given
loan. These procedures include a review by our Special Asset
Committee (SAC), ongoing outreach, contact, and assessment
of obligor financial conditions, collateral inspection and
appraisal.
See Note 6 Purchased Impaired Loans for additional
information.
130 The PNC Financial Services Group, Inc. – Form 10-K