Volvo 2015 Annual Report Download - page 31

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A GLOBAL GROUP BUSINESS MODEL PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT
of a new engine, the truck manufacturer is required to regu-
larly perform emissions-related testing, report the results to
the authorities and take action if the emissions are not
within regulatory limits.
In addition, the latest emissions regulations require all
new heavy-duty trucks in Europe and North America to
beequipped with on board diagnostic equipment that
regularly checks the health of the engine and the vehicle.
If, for example a system controlling the emissions does not
work properly, the driver will be warned via the dashboard.
The driver then takes the truck to a workshop.
The Volvo Group uses portable emissions measurements
system (PEMS) to measure on-road emissions performance.
During 2015 the Volvo Group performed 25legally required
PEMS tests of Euro 6 and EPA 2010 customer owned
vehicles. All the tests fulfilled the requirements.
2006
Euro 4
2009
Euro 5
2007
EPA
2007
2002
EPA
2002
2014
Euro 6
2010
EPA
2010
8
6
4
2
0
Europe USA
Particulates, g/kWh NOx g/kWh
0.16
0.12
0.08
0.04
02002
Euro 3
Particulates, g/kWh NOx, g/kWh
EMISSION REGULATIONS FOR HEAVY-DUTY VEHICLES
The emissions legislation varies for different regions.
In some regions the implementation of stricter rules is hindered
by insufficient availaibility of good fuel quality and low sulfur
content. In many parts of the world, the emissions legislation is
based on the EU and US legislation. In 2010, EPA 2010 was
implemented in North America and at the end of 2013 Euro 6
was introduced in the EU. With the implementation of EPA 2010,
emissions levels for particulates and nitrogen oxides (NOx) have
decreased substantially. Euro 6 entails that emissions of nitro-
gen oxides and particulate matter are reduced by more than
95% compared to a truck fromthe early 1990s.
*Euro 5 mandatory on new vehicle types from January 1, 2016.
**In addition to Euro 5 and EPA 2007, there is also NLT in Australia.
North
America
EPA 2010
Brazil
Euro 5
Europe
Euro 6
Russia
Euro 4*
South
Africa
Euro 2
EPA 98
China
China 4-5
India
BS 3-4
Japan
PNLT
Australia
Euro 5**
EPA 07
29