Sallie Mae 2012 Annual Report Download - page 170

SLM CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
11. Stock-Based Compensation Plans and Arrangements (Continued)
The total stock-based compensation cost recognized in the consolidated statements of income for the years
ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010 was $47 million, $56 million and $40 million, respectively. As of
December 31, 2012, there was $18 million of total unrecognized compensation expense related to unvested stock
awards net of estimated forfeitures, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 1.8
years. We amortize compensation expense on a straight-line basis over the related vesting periods of each tranche
of each award.
In the first quarter of 2011, we changed our stock-based compensation plans so that retirement eligible
employees would not forfeit unvested stock-based compensation upon their retirement. This change had the
effect of accelerating $11 million of future stock-based compensation expenses associated with these unvested
stock grants into the first quarter of 2011 for those employees who are retirement eligible or who will become
retirement eligible prior to the vesting date.
Stock Options
Stock options granted prior to 2012 expire 10 years after the grant date, and those granted in 2012 expire in
5 years. The exercise price must be equal to or greater than the market price of our common stock on the grant
date. We have granted time-vested, price-vested and performance-vested options to our employees and non-
employee directors. Time-vested options granted to management and non-management employees generally vest
over three years. Price-vested options granted to management employees vest upon our common stock reaching a
targeted closing price for a set number of days. Performance-vested options granted to management employees
vest one-third per year for three years based on corporate earnings-related performance targets. Options granted
to non-employee directors vest upon the director’s election to the Board.
The fair values of the options granted in the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010 were estimated
as of the grant date using a Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following weighted average
assumptions:
Years Ended December 31,
2012 2011 2010
Risk-free interest rate ................................ .60% 1.57% 1.60%
Expected volatility .................................. 44% 54% 60%
Expected dividend rate ............................... 3.13% 2.58% 0.00%
Expected life of the option ............................ 2.8years 4.1 years 3.3 years
Weighted average fair value of options granted ........... $ 4.12 $ 5.18 $ 4.40
The expected life of the options is based on observed historical exercise patterns. Groups of employees (and
non-employee directors) that have received similar option grant terms are considered separately for valuation
purposes. The expected volatility is based on implied volatility from publicly-traded options on our stock at the
grant date and historical volatility of our stock consistent with the expected life of the option. The risk-free
interest rate is based on the U.S. Treasury spot rate at the grant date consistent with the expected life of the
option. The dividend yield is based on the projected annual dividend payment per share based on the dividend
amount at the grant date, divided by the stock price at the grant date.
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