Nokia 2012 Annual Report Download - page 123

Gross Margin
Our Devices & Services gross margin in 2011 was 27.7%, compared to 29.9% in 2010. On a year-on-
year basis, the decline in our Devices & Services gross margin in 2011 was driven primarily by gross
margin declines in both Smart Devices and, to a lesser extent, in Mobile Phones, as discussed below,
which was partially offset by higher IPR income.
Operating Expenses
Devices & Services research and development expenses in 2011 decreased 9% to EUR 2 441 million,
compared with EUR 2 694 million in 2010. In 2011, research and development expenses represented
10.2% of Devices & Services net sales, compared with 9.2% in 2010. The decrease in Devices &
Services research and development expenses was primarily due to declines in Smart Devices and
Devices & Services Other research and development expenses, partially offset by an increase in
Mobile Phones research and development expenses. The decreases in Smart Devices and Devices &
Services Other research and development expenses were due primarily to a focus on priority projects
and cost controls. The increase in Mobile Phones research and development expenses was due
primarily to investments to accelerate product development to bring new innovations to the market
faster and at lower price-points, consistent with the Mobile Phones “Internet for the next billion”
strategy. This increase was partially offset by a focus on priority projects and cost controls.
Devices & Services research and development expenses included amortization of acquired intangible
assets of EUR 8 million and EUR 10 million in 2011 and 2010, respectively.
In 2011, Devices & Services selling and marketing expenses decreased 4% to EUR 2 180 million,
compared with EUR 2 270 million in 2010. The decrease was primarily due to lower Smart Devices
sales and marketing expenses. In 2011, selling and marketing expenses represented 9.1% of
Devices & Services net sales, compared with 7.8% of its net sales in 2010.
Devices & Services administrative and general expenses in 2011 decreased 7% to EUR 362 million,
compared with EUR 388 million in 2010. The decrease in Devices & Services administrative and
general expenses was primarily driven by lower Smart Devices administrative and general expenses,
which more than offset an increase in Devices & Services Other administrative and general expenses.
In 2011, administrative and general expenses represented 1.5% of Devices & Services net sales,
compared with 1.3% in 2010.
Other operating income and expenses were expense of EUR 773 million in 2011 and included
restructuring charges of 456 million, impairment of assets of EUR 90 million, Accenture deal
consideration related to the Accenture transaction of EUR 251 million, impairment of shares in an
associated company of EUR 41 million and a benefit from a cartel claim settlement of EUR 49 million.
In 2010, other operating income and expenses were EUR 170 million and included restructuring
charges of EUR 85 million, a prior year-related refund of customs duties of EUR 61 million, a gain on
sale of assets and business of EUR 29 million and a gain on sale of the wireless modem business of
EUR 147 million.
Cost Reduction Activities and Planned Operational Adjustments
As of December 31, 2011, we had recognized cumulative net charges in Devices & Services of
EUR 797 million related to restructuring activities in 2011, which included restructuring charges and
associated impairments.
Operating Margin
Devices & Services operating profit decreased 75% to EUR 884 million in 2011, compared with
EUR 3 540 million in 2010. Devices & Services operating margin in 2011 was 3.7%, compared with
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