Volvo 2011 Annual Report Download - page 53

Download and view the complete annual report

Please find page 53 of the 2011 Volvo annual report below. You can navigate through the pages in the report by either clicking on the pages listed below, or by using the keyword search tool below to find specific information within the annual report.

Page out of 166

  • 1
  • 2
  • 3
  • 4
  • 5
  • 6
  • 7
  • 8
  • 9
  • 10
  • 11
  • 12
  • 13
  • 14
  • 15
  • 16
  • 17
  • 18
  • 19
  • 20
  • 21
  • 22
  • 23
  • 24
  • 25
  • 26
  • 27
  • 28
  • 29
  • 30
  • 31
  • 32
  • 33
  • 34
  • 35
  • 36
  • 37
  • 38
  • 39
  • 40
  • 41
  • 42
  • 43
  • 44
  • 45
  • 46
  • 47
  • 48
  • 49
  • 50
  • 51
  • 52
  • 53
  • 54
  • 55
  • 56
  • 57
  • 58
  • 59
  • 60
  • 61
  • 62
  • 63
  • 64
  • 65
  • 66
  • 67
  • 68
  • 69
  • 70
  • 71
  • 72
  • 73
  • 74
  • 75
  • 76
  • 77
  • 78
  • 79
  • 80
  • 81
  • 82
  • 83
  • 84
  • 85
  • 86
  • 87
  • 88
  • 89
  • 90
  • 91
  • 92
  • 93
  • 94
  • 95
  • 96
  • 97
  • 98
  • 99
  • 100
  • 101
  • 102
  • 103
  • 104
  • 105
  • 106
  • 107
  • 108
  • 109
  • 110
  • 111
  • 112
  • 113
  • 114
  • 115
  • 116
  • 117
  • 118
  • 119
  • 120
  • 121
  • 122
  • 123
  • 124
  • 125
  • 126
  • 127
  • 128
  • 129
  • 130
  • 131
  • 132
  • 133
  • 134
  • 135
  • 136
  • 137
  • 138
  • 139
  • 140
  • 141
  • 142
  • 143
  • 144
  • 145
  • 146
  • 147
  • 148
  • 149
  • 150
  • 151
  • 152
  • 153
  • 154
  • 155
  • 156
  • 157
  • 158
  • 159
  • 160
  • 161
  • 162
  • 163
  • 164
  • 165
  • 166

2002
Euro IV
2002
Euro III
1996
Euro II
2009
Euro V
2007
EPA 2007
2002
EPA 2002
2014
Euro VI
2010
EPA 2010
0,16
0,12
0,08
0,04
0
8
6
4
2
0
Particles, g/kWh NO
x
, g/kWh
Europe USA
Particles, g/kWh NO
x
, g/kWh
Emissions regulations for trucks and buses
In September 2009, Euro V was implemented in Europe and in January 2010,
EPA 2010 was implemented in North America. Euro V entails a 50% reduc-
tion of NOx emissions compared to Euro IV. With the implementation of EPA
2010, emission levels for particulates and NOx are close to zero. Euro VI will
come into effect in January 2014 in the EU.
2000
0
20
60
40
80
120
100
Within the EU all road transport emissions except for CO2 are expected
to decrease in the future. This is the result of stringent emission regulations.
19952005
Particulate matter (PM) from diesel
Sulphur dioxide (SO2
)
Solvents (VOCs)
Carbon dioxide (CO2 )
Carbon monoxide (CO)
Nitrogen oxides (NOX)
Benzene
2010 20152020
Source: ACEA - European Automobile
Manufacturers' Association.
Significantly reduced emissions
-5% Recycling
12% Producing
the truck
30% Exhaust emissions
including CO2 from fuel use
58% Fuel
Resource use of crude oil and fuel production
9
3
%
D
r
i
v
i
n
g
t
h
e
t
r
u
c
k
5% Maintenance
Life Cycle Assessment
Each new product from the Volvo Group should have less environmental impact than the
product it replaces. The Group uses Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) to map a product’s environ-
mental impact in order to make better informed decisions in the development process.
Findings from analyses indicate approximately 90% of the environmental impact
results from the use of the products. The Group’s main focus is therefore on reducing
the environmental impact of products in use.
49