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The components of Net periodic benefit cost and other changes in plan assets and benefit obligations were as follows:
Year Ended December 31,
Pension Benefits
U.S. Plans Non-U.S. Plans Retiree Health
2015 2014 2013 2015 2014 2013 2015 2014 2013
Components of Net Periodic Benefit
Costs:
Service cost $ 4 $ 9 $ 10 $ 32 $ 34 $ 91 $ 7 $ 9 $ 9
Interest cost(1) 83 281 154 212 272 260 34 36 33
Expected return on plan assets(2) (83) (290) (179) (293) (342) (317) — — —
Recognized net actuarial loss 24 17 19 72 54 77 1 1 2
Amortization of prior service credit (2) (2) (2) 4 (1) — (18) (43) (43)
Recognized settlement loss 8851162 1—————
Recognized curtailment gain ———— (1)(8)(22)——
Defined Benefit Plans 114 66 164 28 16 103 2 3 1
Defined contribution plans 61 58 64 39 44 25 n/a n/a n/a
Net Periodic Benefit Cost 175 124 228 67 60 128 2 3 1
Other changes in plan assets and
benefit obligations recognized in
Other Comprehensive Income:
Net actuarial (gain) loss (70) 697 (403) 195 481 (224) (4) 119 (88)
Prior service credit — — — (16) (6) (14) (32) — —
Amortization of net actuarial loss (112) (68) (181) (73) (54) (77) (1) (1) (2)
Amortization of net prior service credit 2 2 2 (4) 1 — 18 43 43
Curtailment gain ———— 2—22 n/a n/a
Total Recognized in Other
Comprehensive Income (180) 631 (582) 102 424 (315) 3 161 (47)
Total Recognized in Net Periodic
Benefit Cost and Other
Comprehensive Income $ (5) $ 755 $ (354) $ 169 $ 484 $ (187) $ 5 $ 164 $ (46)
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(1) Interest cost includes interest expense on non-TRA obligations of $320, $371 and $349 and interest expense directly allocated to TRA
participant accounts of $(25), $182 and $65 for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively.
(2) Expected return on plan assets includes expected investment income on non-TRA assets of $401, $450 and $431 and actual investment
income on TRA assets of $(25), $182 and $65 for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively.
The net actuarial loss and prior service credit for the defined benefit pension plans that will be amortized from
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) into net periodic benefit cost over the next fiscal year are $(89)
and $5, respectively, excluding amounts that may be recognized through settlement losses. The net actuarial loss
and prior service credit for the retiree health benefit plans that will be amortized from Accumulated other
comprehensive income (loss) into net periodic benefit cost over the next fiscal year are $(3) and $5, respectively.
Pension plan assets consist of both defined benefit plan assets and assets legally restricted to the TRA accounts.
The combined investment results for these plans, along with the results for our other defined benefit plans, are
shown above in the “actual return on plan assets” caption. To the extent that investment results relate to TRA, such
results are charged directly to these accounts as a component of interest cost.
Plan Amendments
Pension Plan Freezes
Over the past several years, we have amended several of our major defined benefit pension plans to freeze current
benefits and eliminate benefits accruals for future service including our primary U.S. defined benefit plan for salaried
employees, the Canadian Salary Pension Plan and the U.K. Final Salary Pension Plan. The freeze of current
benefits is the primary driver of the reduction in pension service costs since 2012. In certain Non-U.S. plans we are
required to continue to consider salary increases and inflation in determining the benefit obligation related to prior
service.
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