Vodafone 2012 Annual Report Download - page 107

Business review Performance Governance Financials Additional information
105
Vodafone Group Plc
Annual Report 2012
Fair value hedges
The Group’s policy is to use derivative instruments (primarily interest rate swaps) to convert a proportion of its xed rate debt to oating rates in
orderto hedge the interest rate risk arising, principally, from capital market borrowings. The Group designates these as fair value hedges of interest
rate risk with changes in fair value of the hedging instrument recognised in the income statement for the period together with the changes in the
fairvalue of the hedged item due to the hedged risk, to the extent the hedge is effective. The ineffective portion is recognised immediately in the
income statement.
Cash ow hedges
Cash ow hedging is used by the Group to hedge certain exposures to variability in future cash ows. The effective portion of changes in the fair
value of derivatives that are designated and qualify as cash ow hedges is recognised in other comprehensive income; gains or losses relating to
anyineffective portion are recognised immediately in the income statement.
When the hedged item is recognised in the income statement amounts previously recognised in other comprehensive income and accumulated
inequity for the hedging instrument are reclassied to the income statement and recognised in the same line. However, when the hedged
forecasttransaction results in the recognition of a non-nancial asset or a non-nancial liability, the gains and losses previously recognised in
othercomprehensive income and accumulated in equity are transferred from equity and included in the initial measurement of the cost of the
non-nancial asset or non-nancial liability.
When hedge accounting is discontinued any gain or loss recognised in other comprehensive income at that time remains in equity and is
recognisedin the income statement when the hedged transaction is ultimately recognised in the income statement. If a forecast transaction is no
longer expected to occur, the gain or loss accumulated in equity is recognised immediately in the income statement.
Net investment hedges
Exchange differences arising from the translation of the net investment in foreign operations are recognised directly in equity. Gains and losses
onthose hedging instruments (which include bonds, commercial paper and foreign exchange contracts) designated as hedges of the net
investments in foreign operations are recognised in equity to the extent that the hedging relationship is effective. These amounts are included in
exchange differences on translation of foreign operations as stated in the statement of comprehensive income. Gains and losses relating to hedge
ineffectiveness are recognised immediately in the income statement for the period. Gains and losses accumulated in the translation reserve are
included in the income statement when the foreign operation is disposed of.
Put option arrangements
The potential cash payments related to put options issued by the Group over the equity of subsidiary companies are accounted for as nancial
liabilities when such options may only be settled other than by exchange of a xed amount of cash or another nancial asset for a xed number of
shares in the subsidiary.
The amount that may become payable under the option on exercise is initially recognised at fair value within borrowings with a corresponding
charge directly to equity. The charge to equity is recognised separately as written put options over non-controlling interests, adjacent to non-
controlling interests in the net assets of consolidated subsidiaries. The Group recognises the cost of writing such put options, determined as the
excess of the fair value of the option over any consideration received, as a nancing cost.
Such options are subsequently measured at amortised cost, using the effective interest rate method, in order to accrete the liability up to the
amount payable under the option at the date at which it rst becomes exercisable. The charge arising is recorded as a nancing cost. In the event
that the option expires unexercised, the liability is derecognised with a corresponding adjustment to equity.
Provisions
Provisions are recognised when the Group has a present obligation (legal or constructive) as a result of a past event, it is probable that the Group
willbe required to settle that obligation and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation. Provisions are measured at the
directors’ best estimate of the expenditure required to settle the obligation at the reporting date and are discounted to present value where the
effect is material.
Share-based payments
The Group issues equity-settled share-based payments to certain employees. Equity-settled share-based payments are measured at fair value
(excluding the effect of non-market-based vesting conditions) at the date of grant. The fair value determined at the grant date of the equity-settled
share-based payments is expensed on a straight-line basis over the vesting period, based on the Group’s estimate of the shares that will eventually
vest and adjusted for the effect of non-market-based vesting conditions.
Fair value is measured using a binomial pricing model, being a lattice-based option valuation model, which is calibrated using a Black-Scholes
framework. The expected life used in the model has been adjusted, based on management’s best estimate, for the effects of non-transferability,
exercise restrictions and behavioural considerations.
The Group uses historical data to estimate option exercise and employee termination within the valuation model; separate groups of employees
thathave similar historical exercise behaviour are considered separately for valuation purposes. The expected life of options granted is derived from
the output of the option valuation model and represents the period of time that options are expected to be outstanding. Expected volatilities are
based on implied volatilities as determined by a simple average of no less than three international banks, excluding the highest and lowest numbers.
The risk free rates for periods within the contractual life of the option are based on the UK gilt yield curve in effect at the time of grant.
Some share awards have an attached market condition, based on total shareholder return (“TSR”), which is taken into account when calculating the
fair value of the share awards. The valuation for the TSR is based on Vodafone’s ranking within the same group of companies, where possible, over
the past ve years. The volatility of the ranking over a three year period is used to determine the probable weighted percentage number of shares
that could be expected to vest and hence affect fair value.
The fair value of awards of non-vested shares is equal to the closing price of the Vodafone’s shares on the date of grant, adjusted for the present value
of future dividend entitlements where appropriate.