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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARY COMPANIES
112 2006 Annual Report
MANAGEMENT SYSTEM SEGMENT VIEW
(Dollars in millions)
GLOBAL SERVICES SEGMENTS
GLOBAL GLOBAL SYSTEMS AND PERSONAL
TECHNOLOGY BUSINESS TECHNOLOGY GLOBAL COMPUTING TOTAL
FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31: SERVICES SERVICES GROUP SOFTWARE FINANCING DIVISION SEGMENTS
2006:
External revenue $ , $ , $ , $ , $ , $ $ ,
Internal revenue , , , , , ,
Total revenue $ , $ , $ , $ , $ , $ $ ,
Pre-tax income/(loss) $ , $ , $ , $ , $ , $ $ ,
Revenue year-to-year change .% .% .% .% (.)% NM .%
Pre-tax income year-to-year change .% .% (.)% .% (.)% NM .%
Pre-tax income margin .% .% .% .% .% NM .%
2005:
External revenue $, $, $, $, $, $ , $ ,
Internal revenue , , , , ,  ,
Total revenue $, $, $, $, $, $ , $ ,
Pre-tax income/(loss) $ , $  $ , $ , $, $ () $ ,
Revenue year-to-year change .% (.)% .% .% .% NM (.)%
Pre-tax income year-to-year change (.)% (.)% (.)% .% .% NM (.)%
Pre-tax income margin .% .% .% .% .% NM .%
2004:
External revenue $, $, $, $, $, $, $ ,
Internal revenue , , , , ,  ,
Total revenue $, $, $, $, $, $, $,
Pre-tax income/(loss) $ , $ , $ , $ , $, $ () $ ,
Revenue year-to-year change .% .% .% .% (.)% .% .%
Pre-tax income year-to-year change .% (.)% .% .% .% .% .%
Pre-tax income margin .% .% .% .% .% (.)% .%
NMNot meaningful
The following tables reflect the results of continuing operations
of the segments and the Personal Computing Division consistent
with the company’s management system. These results are not neces-
sarily a depiction that is in conformity with GAAP; e.g., employee
retirement plan costs are developed using actuarial assumptions on a
country-by-country basis and allocated to the segments based on
headcount. Different amounts could result if actuarial assumptions
that are unique to the segment were used. Performance measurement
is based on income before income taxes (pre-tax income). These
results are used, in part, by management, both in evaluating the per-
formance of, and in allocating resources to, each of the segments.
Consolidated Statements ......................................................... 
Notes .....................................................................................
A-G ......................................................................................... 
H-M ......................................................................................... 
N-S .......................................................................................... 
T-X .......................................................................................... 
T. Rental Expense and Lease Commitments ....................... 
U. Stock-Based Compensation ............................................ 
V. Retirement-Related Benefits ......................................... 100
W. Segment Information.................................................... 111
X. Subsequent Events ........................................................ 115
Black
MAC
390 CG10