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101
A reconciliation of the provision for income taxes using the U.S. statutory rate and the Company’s effective tax rate was as follows:
2015
2014
2013
Amount
%
Amount
%
Amount
%
Provision for income taxes at statutory
rate
$
(23.7)
35.0
%
$
39.7
35.0
%
$
128.9
35.0
%
State and local income taxes, net of
federal tax benefit
(4.5)
6.6
5.1
4.5
9.3
2.5
Taxes on foreign earnings
4.8
(7.1)
(13.3)
(11.8)
(16.5)
(4.5)
Foreign statutory impairment
(2.0)
2.9
(2.4)
(2.0)
Research and development credit
(5.9)
8.7
(6.9)
(6.0)
(12.2)
(3.3)
Valuation allowance
0.3
(0.4)
4.3
3.8
(0.7)
(0.2)
Adjustments to previously accrued taxes
0.6
(0.9)
6.6
5.8
(9.1)
(2.5)
Uncertain tax positions
(0.4)
0.6
(4.2)
(3.7)
7.8
2.1
Prepaid tax amortization
2.2
(3.2)
2.3
2.0
1.7
0.5
Other
1.3
(1.9)
2.3
2.0
0.1
(Benefit) provision for income taxes
$
(27.3)
40.3
%
$
33.5
29.6
%
$
109.3
29.6
%
The effective income tax rate was 40.3% for the year ended December 31, 2015. The 10.7 percentage point increase of the effective
tax rate from 2014 to 2015 was due to the following factors: current year losses being recognized in higher tax jurisdictions in 2015,
primarily the US; the increased relative impact of the research and development credit on the 2015 rate versus 2014, statutory
impairments of foreign subsidiaries deductible for tax purposes, and taxes on foreign earnings primarily as a result of year over year
differences in pre-tax income on a jurisdiction by jurisdiction basis (most notably Switzerland and Sweden).
The effective income tax rate was 29.6% for the year ended December 31, 2014. The changes in the composition of the effective tax
rate from 2013 to 2014 was due primarily to statutory impairments of foreign subsidiaries deductible for tax purposes, increases in
valuation allowances, changes in previously accrued taxes, decreases in uncertain tax positions, and taxes on foreign earnings
primarily as a result of year over year differences in pre-tax income on a jurisdiction by jurisdiction basis (most notably Switzerland).
For each year presented, the reconciling item for adjustments to previously accrued taxes represents adjustments to US and foreign
income tax expense amounts recorded in prior years and recognized differences in taxes accrued based on filed returns. The prepaid
tax amortization reconciling item represents amortization of tax expense related to intercompany transactions.