Sears 2015 Annual Report Download - page 49

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Application of Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
In preparing the financial statements, certain accounting policies require considerable judgment to select the
appropriate assumptions to calculate financial estimates. These estimates are complex and subject to an inherent
degree of uncertainty. We base our estimates on historical experience, terms of existing contracts, evaluation of
trends and other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. We continually evaluate the
information used to make these estimates as our business and the economic environment change. Although the use
of estimates is pervasive throughout the financial statements, we consider an accounting estimate to be critical if:
• it requires assumptions to be made about matters that were highly uncertain at the time the estimate was
made, and
• changes in the estimate that are reasonably likely to occur from period to period or different estimates
that could have been selected would have a material effect on our financial condition, cash flows or
results of operations.
Management believes the current assumptions and other considerations used to estimate amounts reflected in
the financial statements are appropriate. However, if actual experience differs from the assumptions and the
considerations used in estimating amounts, the resulting changes could have a material adverse effect on our
consolidated results of operations, and in certain situations, could have a material adverse effect on our financial
condition.
Management has discussed the development and selection of these critical accounting estimates with the Audit
Committee of our Board of Directors and the Audit Committee has reviewed the disclosure presented below relating
to the selection of these estimates.
The following is a summary of our most critical policies and estimates. See Note 1 of Notes to Consolidated
Financial Statements for a listing of our other significant accounting policies.
Valuation of Inventory
Our inventory is valued at the lower of cost or market determined primarily using the retail inventory method
("RIM"). RIM is an averaging method that is commonly used in the retail industry. To determine inventory cost
under RIM, inventory at its retail selling value is segregated into groupings of merchandise having similar
characteristics, which are then converted to a cost basis by applying specific average cost factors for each grouping
of merchandise. Cost factors represent the average cost-to-retail ratio for each merchandise group based upon the
year purchasing activity for each store location. Accordingly, a significant assumption under the retail method is that
inventory in each group is similar in terms of its cost-to-retail relationship and has similar turnover rates.
Management monitors the content of merchandise in these groupings to prevent distortions that would have a
material effect on inventory valuation.
RIM inherently requires management judgment and certain estimates that may significantly affect the ending
inventory valuation, as well as gross margin. Among others, two significant estimates used in inventory valuation
are the level and timing of permanent markdowns (clearance markdowns used to clear unproductive or slow-moving
inventory) and shrinkage. Amounts are charged to cost of sales, buying and occupancy at the time the retail value of
inventory is reduced through the use of permanent markdowns.
Factors considered in the determination of permanent markdowns include current and anticipated demand,
customer preferences, age of the merchandise, fashion trends and weather conditions. In addition, inventory is also
evaluated against corporate pre-determined historical markdown cadences. When a decision is made to permanently
markdown merchandise, the resulting gross margin reduction is recognized in the period the markdown is recorded.
The timing of the decision, particularly surrounding the balance sheet date, can have a significant effect on the
results of operations.
Shrinkage is estimated as a percentage of sales for the period from the date of the last physical inventory to the
end of the year. Physical inventories are taken annually for all stores and inventory records are adjusted accordingly.
The shrinkage rate from the most recent physical inventory, in combination with historical experience, is used as the
basis for the shrinkage accrual following the physical inventory.
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