Haier 2006 Annual Report Download - page 76

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Haier Electronics Group Co., Ltd. Annual Report 2006
海爾電器集團有限公司 二零零六年年報
Notes to Financial Statements
財務報表附註 (31 December 2006)
（二零零六年十二月三十一日）
3.4 SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING
POLICIES
(Cont’d)
Inventories
Inventories are stated at the lower of cost and net realisable
value. Cost is determined on the weighted average basis and,
in the case of work in progress and finished goods, comprises
direct materials, direct labour and an appropriate proportion
of overheads. Net realisable value is based on the estimated
selling prices less any estimated costs to be incurred to
completion and disposal.
Cash and cash equivalents
For the purpose of the consolidated cash flow statement,
cash and cash equivalents comprise cash on hand and
demand deposits, and short term highly liquid investments
which are readily convertible into known amounts of cash
and which are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in
value, and have a short maturity of generally within three
months when acquired, less bank overdrafts which are
repayable on demand and form an integral part of the Group’s
cash management.
For the purpose of the balance sheet, cash and cash
equivalents comprise cash on hand and at banks, including
term deposits, which are not restricted as to use.
Provision
A provision is recognised when a present obligation (legal or
constructive) has arisen as a result of a past event and it is
probable that a future outflow of resources will be required to
settle the obligation, provided that a reliable estimate can be
made of the amount of the obligation.
When the effect of discounting is material, the amount
recognised for a provision is the present value at the balance
sheet date of the future expenditures expected to be required
to settle the obligation. The increase in the discounted present
value amount arising from the passage of time is included in
finance costs in the income statement.
Provisions for installation services and product warranties
granted by the Group on certain products are recognised
based on sales volume and past experience of the level of
installation services rendered, repairs or returns, discounted
to their present values as appropriate.
3.4 主要會計政策概要
（續）
存貨
存貨乃按成本與可變現淨值兩者中之較
低者入賬。成本按加權平均基準釐定。
如屬在製品及製成品，成本包括直接原
料、直接勞工及按適當比例計算之間接
成本。可變現淨值指估計售價減任何在
完成及出售時產生之估計成本。
現金及現金等值項目
就綜合現金流量表而言，現金及現金等
值項目包括庫存現金及活期存款，以及
可隨時兌換為已知數額現金、價值波動
風險輕微，且一般於取得當日起計三個
月內到期之高度流動短期投資，減須按
通知償還之銀行透支，為本集團現金管
理之整體部分。
就資產負債表而言，現金及現金等值項
目為用途不受限制之庫存及存放於銀行
之現金，包括定期存款。
撥備
倘若由於過往事項產生現有法定或推斷
責任，而解除責任可能需要未來資源流
出，且該責任之數額能可靠衡量，則會
確認撥備。
當貼現影響重大時，已確認之撥備數額
為預期解除責任所需之未來支出於結算
日之現值。隨時間流逝而產生之貼現現
值增加將計入收益表之融資成本。
本集團就若干產品所提供之安裝服務及
產品保養撥備根據銷量及過往之安裝服
務及維修或退貨水平而確認，並貼現成
現值（如適用）。