Haier 2007 Annual Report Download - page 85

84
Haier Electronics Group Co., Ltd. Annual Report 2007 海爾電器集團有限公司 二零零七年年報
Notes to Financial Statements
財務報表附註
31 December 2007
二零零七年十二月三十一日
2.4 Summary of Significant Accounting
Policies (Cont’d)
Derecognition of financial liabilities (Cont’d)
When an existing financial liability is replaced by
another from the same lender on substantially
different terms, or the terms of an existing liability
are substantially modified, such an exchange or
modification is treated as a derecognition of the
original liability and the recognition of a new liability,
and the difference between the respective carrying
amounts is recognised in the income statement.
Inventories
Inventories are stated at the lower of cost and net
realisable value. Cost is determined on the weighted
average basis and, in the case of work in progress
and finished goods, comprises direct materials,
direct labour and an appropriate proportion of
overheads. Net realisable value is based on the
estimated selling prices less any estimated costs to
be incurred to completion and disposal.
Cash and cash equivalents
For the purpose of the consolidated cash flow
statement, cash and cash equivalents comprise
cash on hand and demand deposits, and short term
highly liquid investments that are readily convertible
into known amounts of cash, are subject to an
insignificant risk of changes in value, and have a
short maturity of generally within three months when
acquired, less bank overdrafts which are repayable
on demand and form an integral part of the Group’s
cash management.
For the purpose of the balance sheets, cash and
cash equivalents comprise cash on hand and at
banks, including term deposits, which are not
restricted as to use.
Provisions
A provision is recognised when a present obligation
(legal or constructive) has arisen as a result of a
past event and it is probable that a future outflow of
resources will be required to settle the obligation,
provided that a reliable estimate can be made of the
amount of the obligation.
2.4 主要會計政策概要
（續）
終止確認財務負債 （續）
若現有財務負債由另一項來自相同貸方按完
全不同之條款提供之負債取代，或現有負債
之條款作出重大修訂，則上述取代或修訂視
為終止確認原有負債及確認新負債，而相關
賬面值之差額在收益表確認。
存貨
存貨乃按成本與可變現淨值兩者中之較低者
入賬。成本按加權平均基準釐定。如屬在製
品及製成品，成本包括直接原料、直接勞工
及按適當比例計算之間接成本。可變現淨值
指估計售價減任何在完成及出售時產生之估
計成本。
現金及現金等值項目
就綜合現金流量表而言，現金及現金等值項
目包括庫存現金及活期存款，以及可隨時兌
換為已知數額現金、價值波動風險輕微，且
一般於取得當日起計三個月內到期之高度流
動短期投資，減須按通知償還之銀行透支，
為本集團現金管理之整體部分。
就資產負債表而言，現金及現金等值項目為
用途不受限制之庫存及存放於銀行之現金，
包括定期存款。
撥備
倘若由於過往事項產生現有法定或推斷責
任，而解除責任可能需要未來資源流出，且
該責任之數額能可靠衡量，則會確認撥備。