Haier 2010 Annual Report Download - page 112

31 December 2010
二零一零年十二月三十一日
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
財務報表附註
Annual Report 2010 二零一零年年報
HAIER ELECTRONICS GROUP CO., LTD 海爾電器集團有限公司
110
2.4 SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING
POLICIES (Cont’d)
Offsetting of financial instruments
Financial assets and financial liabilities are offset and the net amount
is reported in the statement of financial position if, and only if,
there is a currently enforceable legal right to offset the recognised
amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis, or to
realise the assets and settle the liabilities simultaneously.
Fair value of financial instruments
The fair value of financial instruments that are traded in active
markets is determined by reference to quoted market prices or
dealer price quotations (bid price for long positions and ask price
for short positions), without any deduction for transaction costs.
For financial instruments where there is no active market, the fair
value is determined using appropriate valuation techniques. Such
techniques include using recent arm’s length market transactions;
reference to the current market value of another instrument which
is substantially the same; a discounted cash flow analysis; and
option pricing models.
Inventories
Inventories are stated at the lower of cost and net realisable value.
Cost is determined on the weighted average basis and, in the case
of work in progress and finished goods, comprises direct materials,
direct labour and an appropriate proportion of overheads. Net
realisable value is based on the estimated selling prices less any
estimated costs to be incurred to completion and disposal.
Cash and cash equivalents
For the purpose of the consolidated statement of cash flows, cash
and cash equivalents comprise cash on hand and demand deposits,
and short term highly liquid investments that are readily convertible
into known amounts of cash, are subject to an insignificant risk
of changes in value, and have a short maturity of generally within
three months when acquired, less bank overdrafts which are
repayable on demand and form an integral part of the Group’s
cash management.
For the purpose of the statement of financial position, cash and
cash equivalents comprise cash on hand and at banks, including
term deposits, and assets similar in nature to cash, which are not
restricted as to use.
2.4 主要會計政策概要 （續）
抵銷財務工具
僅當現時存在一項可依法強制執行之權利可抵
銷已確認金額，且亦有意以淨額結算或同時變
現資產及償付債務時，則財務資產及財務負債
可予抵銷，而其淨額於財務狀況表內呈報。
財務工具之公平值
在市場活躍交易之財務工具之公平值參照市場
報價或交易商報價（好倉買入價及淡倉賣出價）
釐定，當中不扣除任何交易成本。就財務工具
而言，倘市場交投淡靜，公平值乃採用適用之
估值技巧釐定。該等技巧包括利用近期公平市
場交易、參考其他大致相同工具之現行市值、
現金流貼現分析及期權定價模式或其他估值模
式。
存貨
存貨乃按成本與可變現淨值兩者中之較低者入
賬。成本按加權平均基準釐定。如屬在製品及
製成品，成本包括直接原料、直接勞工及按適
當比例計算之間接成本。可變現淨值指估計售
價減任何在完成及出售時產生之估計成本。
現金及現金等值項目
就綜合現金流量表而言，現金及現金等值項目
包括庫存現金及活期存款，以及可隨時兌換為
已知數額現金，價值波動風險輕微，且一般於
取得當日起計三個月內到期之高度流動短期投
資，減須按通知償還之銀行透支，為本集團現
金管理之整體部分。
就財務狀況表而言，現金及現金等值項目指用
途不受限制之庫存及存放於銀行之現金，包括
定期存款）以及性質與現金相似而其用途不受限
制之資產。