BMW 2008 Annual Report Download - page 88
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89 Group Financial Statements
Cost of sales include euro , million (: euro: ,
million) relating to the financial services business.
Manufacturing costs include impairment losses on intan-
gible assets and property, plant and equipment of euro
million (: euro million). Cost of manufacturing is
reduced by public-sector subsidies in the form of reduced
taxes on assets and reduced consumption-based taxes
amounting to euro million (: euro million).
Sales and administrative costs
Sales costs amounted to euro , million (: euro
, million) and comprise mainly marketing, advertising
and sales personnel costs.
Other operating income and expenses
Administrative costs amounted to euro , million (:
euro million) and comprise expenses for administra-
tion not attributable to development, production or sales
functions. This includes most of the expenditure incurred
to reduce the size of the workforce.
Research and development costs
Research and development costs of euro , million (:
euro , million) comprise all research costs and devel-
opment costs not recognised as assets as well as amorti-
sation of capitalised development costs of euro , million
(: euro , million).
Total research and development expenditure comprising
research costs, development costs not recognised as
assets and capitalised development costs were as follows:
Other operating income includes public-sector grants of euro million (: euro million).
10
11
12
in euro million 2008 2007
Exchange gains 827 204
Income from the reversal of provisions 278 90
Income from the reversal of write-downs 8 38
Gains on the disposal of assets 50 229
Sundry operating income 265 169
Other operating income 1,428 730
Exchange losses 748 231
Expense for additions to provisions 113 64
Expenses for impairment losses 52 25
Sundry operating expenses 274 210
Other operating expenses 1,187 530
Other operating income and expenses 241 200
in euro million 2008 2007
Research and development costs 2,825 2,920
Amortisation –1,185 –1,109
New expenditure for capitalised development costs 1,224 1,333
Total research and development expenditures 2,864 3,144