Proctor and Gamble 2009 Annual Report Download - page 56

Amounts in millions of dollars except per share amounts or as otherwise specified.
54 The Procter & Gamble Company
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
NOTE 1
SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Nature of Operations
The Procter & Gamble Company’s (the “Company,” “we” or “us”)
business is focused on providing branded consumer goods products
of superior quality and value. Our products are sold in more than
180 countries primarily through retail operations including mass
merchandisers, grocery stores, membership club stores, drug stores,
department stores, salons and high-frequency stores. We have on-
the-ground operations in approximately 80 countries.
Basis of Presentation
The Consolidated Financial Statements include the Company and its
controlled subsidiaries. Intercompany transactions are eliminated.
Use of Estimates
Preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting
principles generally accepted in the United States of America (U.S. GAAP)
requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect
the amounts reported in the Consolidated Financial Statements and
accompanying disclosures. These estimates are based on management’s
best knowledge of current events and actions the Company may
undertake in the future. Estimates are used in accounting for, among
other items, consumer and trade promotion accruals, pensions, post-
employment benefits, stock options, valuation of acquired intangible
assets, useful lives for depreciation and amortization, future cash
flows associated with impairment testing for goodwill, indefinite-lived
intangible assets and long-lived assets, deferred tax assets, uncertain
income tax positions and contingencies. Actual results may ultimately
differ from estimates, although management does not generally
believe such differences would materially affect the financial statements
in any individual year. However, in regard to ongoing impairment
testing of goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets, significant
deterioration in future cash flow projections or other assumptions used
in valuation models, versus those anticipated at the time of the initial
valuations, could result in impairment charges that may materially
affect the financial statements in a given year.
Revenue Recognition
Sales are recognized when revenue is realized or realizable and has
been earned. Most revenue transactions represent sales of inventory.
The revenue recorded is presented net of sales and other taxes we
collect on behalf of governmental authorities and includes shipping
and handling costs, which generally are included in the list price to the
customer. Our policy is to recognize revenue when title to the product,
ownership and risk of loss transfer to the customer, which can be on the
date of shipment or the date of receipt by the customer. A provision
for payment discounts and product return allowances is recorded as a
reduction of sales in the same period thatthe revenue is recognized.
Trade promotions, consisting primarily of customer pricing allowances,
merchandising funds and consumer coupons, are offered through
various programs to customers and consumers. Sales are recorded net of
trade promotion spending, which is recognized as incurred, generally
at the time of the sale. Most of these arrangements have terms of
approximately one year. Accruals for expected payouts under these
programs are included as accrued marketing and promotion in the
accrued and other liabilities line item in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
Cost of Products Sold
Cost of products sold is primarily comprised of direct materials and
supplies consumed in the manufacture of product, as well as manu-
facturing labor, depreciation expense and direct overhead expense
necessary to acquire and convert the purchased materials and supplies
into finished product. Cost of products sold also includes the cost to
distribute products to customers, inbound freight costs, internal transfer
costs, warehousing costs and other shipping and handling activity.
Selling, General and Administrative Expense
Selling, general and administrative expense (SG&A) is primarily comprised
of marketing expenses, selling expenses, research and development
costs, administrative and other indirect overhead costs, depreciation
and amortization expense on non-manufacturing assets and other
miscellaneous operating items. Research and development costs are
charged to expense as incurred and were $2,044 in 2009, $2,212 in
2008, and $2,100 in 2007. Advertising costs, charged to expense
as incurred, include worldwide television, print, radio, internet and
in-store advertising expenses and were $7,579 in 2009, $8,583 in
2008 and $7,850 in 2007. Non-advertising related components of
the Company’s total marketing spending include costs associated with
consumer promotions, product sampling and sales aids, all of which
are included in SG&A, as well as coupons and customer trade funds,
which are recorded as reductions to net sales.
Other Non-Operating Income, Net
Other non-operating income, net, primarily includes net divestiture
gains and interest and investment income.
Currency Translation
Financial statements of operating subsidiaries outside the United
States of America (U.S.) generally are measured using the local
currency as the functional currency. Adjustments to translate those
statements into U.S. dollars are recorded in other comprehensive
income. Currency translation adjustments in accumulated other
comprehensive income were gains of $3,333 and $9,484 at June30,
2009 and 2008, respectively. For subsidiaries operating in highly
inflationary economies, the U.S. dollar is the functional currency.
Remeasurement adjustments for financial statements in highly
inflationary economies and other transactional exchange gains and
losses are reflected in earnings.