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8 DIVIDENDS ON ORDINARY APITAL
Dividends are recognised on the date that the shareholder’s right to receive payment is established. This is generally the date when
the dividend is declared.
Dvdends on ordnary captal durng the year
 mllon
2013
€ million
2012
€ million
2011
NV dividends (1,638) (1,482) (1,368)
PLC dividends (1,343) (1,214) (1,119)
(2,981) (2,696) (2,487)
Four quarterly interim dividends were declared and paid during 2013 totalling €1.05 (2012: €0.95) per NV ordinary share and £0.89
(2012: £0.77) per PLC ordinary share.
Quarterly dividends of €0.27 per NV ordinary share and £0.22 per PLC ordinary share were declared on 21 January 2014, to be payable
in March 2014. See note 25 ‘Events after the balance sheet date’ on page 133. Total dividends declared in relation to 2013 were €1.08
(2012:€0.97) per NV ordinary share and £0.91 (2012: £0.79) per PLC ordinary share.
9 OODWILL AND INTANIBLE ASSETS
OODWILL
Goodwill is initially recognised based on the accounting policy for business combinations (see note 21). Goodwill is subsequently
measured at cost less amounts provided for impairment. The Group’s cash generating units (CGUs) are based on the four product
categories and the three geographical areas.
Goodwill acquired in a business combination is allocated to the Group’s CGUs, or groups of CGUs, that are expected to benefit from the
synergies of the combination. These might not always be the same as the CGUs that include the assets and liabilities of the acquired
business. Each unit or group of units to which the goodwill is allocated represents the lowest level within the Group at which the goodwill is
monitored for internal management purposes, and is not larger than an operating segment.
INTANIBLE ASSETS
Separately purchased intangible assets are initially measured at cost. On acquisition of new interests in group companies, Unilever
recognises any specifically identifiable intangible assets separately from goodwill. Intangible assets are initially measured at fair
value as at the date of acquisition.
Finite-life intangible assets mainly comprise patented and non-patented technology, know-how and software. These assets are
capitalised and amortised on a straight-line basis in the income statement over the period of their expected useful lives, or the
period of legal rights if shorter. None of the amortisation periods exceeds ten years. Indefinite-life intangibles mainly comprise
trademarks and brands. These assets are capitalised at cost but are not amortised. They are subject to a review for impairment
annually, or more frequently if events or circumstances indicate this is necessary. Any impairment is charged to the income
statement as it arises.
RESEARH AND DEVELOPMENT
Development expenditure is capitalised only if the costs can be reliably measured, future economic benefits are probable, the
product is technically feasible and the Group has the intent and the resources to complete the project. Research expenditure is
recognised in profit or loss as incurred.
109Unlever Annual Report and Accounts 2013 Fnancal statements