Barclays 2008 Annual Report Download - page 284

Notes to the accounts
For the year ended 31st December 2008
282 Barclays PLC Annual Report 2008 |Find out more at www.barclays.com/annualreport08
48 Market risk (continued)
The economic hedges represent the US Dollar and Euro Preference Shares and Reserve Capital Instruments in issue that are treated as equity under IFRS,
and do not qualify as hedges for accounting purposes.
The impact of a change in the exchange rate between Sterling and any of the major currencies would be:
– A higher or lower Sterling equivalent value of non-Sterling denominated capital resources and risk weighted assets. This includes a higher or lower
currency translation reserve within equity, representing the retranslation of non-Sterling subsidiaries, branches and associated undertakings net of
the impact of foreign exchange rate changes on derivatives and borrowings designated as hedges of net investments.
– A higher or lower profit after tax, arising from changes in the exchange rates used to translate items in the consolidated income statement.
– A higher or lower value of available for sale investments denominated in foreign currencies, impacting the available for sale reserve.
49 Liquidity risk
Liquidity risk is the risk that the Group is unable to meet its obligations when they fall due as a result of customer deposits being withdrawn, cash
requirements from contractual commitments, or other cash outflows, such as debt maturities. Such outflows would deplete available cash resources for
client lending, trading activities and investments. In extreme circumstances lack of liquidity could result in reductions in balance sheet and sales of assets,
or potentially an inability to fulfil lending commitments. The risk that it will be unable to do so is inherent in all banking operations and can be affected by a
range of institution-specific and market-wide events including, but not limited to, credit events, merger and acquisition activity, systemic shocks and
natural disasters.
Liquidity risk management and measurement
Liquidity management within the Group has several components.
Intraday liquidity
The need to monitor, manage and control intraday liquidity in real time is recognised by the Group as a critical process: any failure to meet specific intraday
commitments would have significant consequences, such as visible market disruption.
The Group policy is that each operation must ensure that it has access to sufficient intraday liquidity to meet any obligations it may have to clearing and
settlement systems. Major currency payment flows and payment system collateral are monitored and managed in real time to ensure that at all times
there is sufficient collateral to make payments. The Group actively engages in payment system development to help ensure that new payment systems
are robust.
Day to day funding
Day to day funding is managed through limits on wholesale borrowings, secured borrowings and funding mismatches. These ensure that on any day and
over any period there is a limited amount of refinancing required. These requirements include replacement of funds as liabilities mature or are borrowed
by customers. The Retail and Commercial Bank together with Wealth maintain no reliance on wholesale funding. The Group maintains an active presence
in global money markets through Barclays Capital, and monitors and manages the wholesale money market capacity for the Group’s name to enable that
to happen.
In addition to cash flow management,Treasury also monitors term mismatches between assets and liabilities, as well as the level and type of undrawn
lending commitments, the usage of overdraft facilities and the impact of contingent liabilities such as standby letters of credit and guarantees.
Liquid assets
The Group maintains a portfolio of highly marketable assets including UK, US and Euro-area government bonds that can be sold or funded on a secured
basis as protection against any unforeseen interruption to cash flow. The Group accesses secured funding markets in these assets on a regular basis.
The Group does not rely on committed funding lines for protection against unforeseen interruptions to cash flow.
Diversification of liquidity sources
Sources of liquidity are regularly reviewed to maintain a wide diversification by currency, geography, provider, product and term. In addition, to avoid
reliance on a particular group of customers or market sectors, the distribution of sources and the maturity profile of deposits are also carefully managed.
Important factors in assuring liquidity are strength of relationships and the maintenance of depositors’ confidence. Such confidence is based on a number
of factors including the Group’s reputation and relationship with those clients, the strength of earnings and the Group’s financial position.
Structural liquidity
An important source of structural liquidity is provided by our core retail deposits in the UK, Europe and Africa, mainly current accounts and savings
accounts. Although current accounts are repayable on demand and savings accounts at short notice, the Group’s broad base of customers – numerically
and by depositor type – helps to protect against unexpected fluctuations. Such accounts form a stable funding base for the Group’s operations and
liquidity needs.
The Group policy is to fund the balance sheet assets of the Retail and Commercial Bank together with Wealth and Head office functions on a global basis
with customer deposits and capital without recourse to the wholesale markets. This provides protection from the liquidity risk of wholesale market funding.
The exception to this policy is Absa, which has a large portion of wholesale funding due to the structural nature of the South African financial sector.
Scenario analysis and stress testing
Stress testing is undertaken to assess and plan for the impact of various scenarios which may put the Group’s liquidity at risk.
Treasury develops and monitors a range of stress tests on the Group’s projected cash flows. These stress scenarios include Barclays-specific scenarios
such an unexpected rating downgrade and operational problems, and external scenarios such as Emerging Market crises, payment system disruption
and macro-economic shocks. The output informs both the liquidity mismatch limits and the Group’s contingency funding plan. This is maintained by
Treasury and is aligned with the Group and country business resumption plans to encompass decision-making authorities, internal and external
communication and, in the event of a systems failure, the restoration of liquidity management and payment systems.
The ability to raise funds is in part dependent on maintaining the Bank’s credit rating. The funding impact of a credit downgrade is closely tracked. Whilst
the impact of a single downgrade may affect the price at which funding is available, the effect on liquidity is not considered material in Group terms.