Merck 2014 Annual Report Download - page 198

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193CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS → Notes to the Group accounts
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED INCOME STATEMENT
(23) SALES
Sales were generated primarily from the sale of goods and to a
limited degree also included revenues from services rendered.
Group sales totaled €11,291.5 million in 2014 (2013: €10,700.1
million), which represented an increase of 5.5 % compared to 2013
(decrease of – 0.4 % in 2013). Sales are presented by division and
region in the Segment Reporting (see Note [51]).
(24) ROYALTY, LICENSE AND COMMISSION
INCOME
In 2014, royalty and license income totaled €138.0 million (2013:
€359.8 million) and mainly included royalty and license income
from the products Humira® (AbbVie Inc.), Viibryd® (Actavis, for-
merly Forest Laboratories Inc.) and Puregon® ( Merck
& Co. Inc.)
as well as income from the active pharmaceutical ingredients
bisoprolol and metformin. The change compared to 2013 resulted
pri
marily from the expiration of the patents for
Avonex® (Biogen
Idec Inc.) and Enbrel® (Amgen Inc.).
An out-of-court settlement
was reached with AbbVie Inc. for
patent disputes regarding
Humira®. Based on this settlement, the Group recorded no
further
license income for this product as of the second half of 2014.
Revenue from the strategic alliance with Pfizer Inc.,
USA
, in
immuno-
oncology was recognized for the first time in 2014. More
details on
the agreement can be found in Note [5].
In 2014, commission income totaled € 71.3 million (2013:
€35.2 million). This primarily consisted of proceeds from cooper-
ation and distribution agreements.
The breakdown of royalty, license and commission income by
division is presented in the Segment Reporting (see Note [51]).
(25) COST OF SALES
Cost of sales primarily included the cost of manufactured products
sold as well as merchandise sold. Cost comprises overheads and,
if
necessary, inventory write-downs, in addition to directly attrib-
utable costs, such as the cost of materials, personnel and energy,
as well as depreciation / amortization.
The breakdown of cost of sales by division is presented in the
Segment Reporting (Note [51]).