Merck 2008 Annual Report Download - page 146

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Equity ratio
Indicator that shows equity capital in proportion to total capital. It serves to evaluate
the financial stability and independence of a company.
FDA
Food and Drug Administration: U.S. government agency responsible for protecting and
advancing public health, especially as concerns food and drugs.
First, second and third line therapy
First and second line therapies are curative in nature. First and second line treatments
take precedence for that reason. Some patients derive little or no benefit from first and
second line treatment. Patients who have not responded to the first two lines move on
to a third line of treatment, which is palliative (i.e. it aims to relieve suffering).
Free cash flow
Free cash flow is defined as the net cash flows from operating activities minus invest-
ments in intangible assets, property, plant and equipment, acquisitions as well as
investments in other financial assets, plus proceeds from the disposal of assets and
changes in securities.
GDP
Gross domestic product – total value of all goods (products and services) intended for
final consumption that are produced within a country’s borders in a given year
Gearing
Ratio of net debt including pension provisions to net equity.
GHS
Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals. An interna-
tional standard system to classify chemicals, including labels and safety data sheets.
GPHF
The Global Pharma Health Fund e.V. (GPHF) is a non-profit initiative created by Merck.
The objective of the organization is to promote health care within the scope of devel-
opment assistance, especially with respect to the fight against counterfeit drugs
through the use of the GPHF-Minilab®.
GPHF-Minilab®
With the GPHF-Minilab®, the Global Pharma Health Fund e.V. (GPHF) offers a unique
mobile compact laboratory that is capable of testing the quality of drugs.
Greenhouse Gas Protocol
The most widely used accounting and reporting system for greenhouse gas emissions.
ICCA
International Council of Chemical Associations.
IMF
The International Monetary Fund, with headquarters in Washington, D.C., is a United
Nations organization.
141
GLOSSARY