Goldman Sachs 2013 Annual Report Download - page 43

Management’s Discussion and Analysis
Use of Estimates
The use of generally accepted accounting principles requires
management to make certain estimates and assumptions. In
addition to the estimates we make in connection with fair
value measurements, and the accounting for goodwill and
identifiable intangible assets, the use of estimates and
assumptions is also important in determining provisions for
losses that may arise from litigation, regulatory proceedings
and tax audits.
We estimate and provide for potential losses that may arise
out of litigation and regulatory proceedings to the extent
that such losses are probable and can be reasonably
estimated. In addition, we estimate the upper end of the
range of reasonably possible aggregate loss in excess of the
related reserves for litigation proceedings where the firm
believes the risk of loss is more than slight. See Notes 18
and 27 to the consolidated financial statements for
information on certain judicial, regulatory and
legal proceedings.
Significant judgment is required in making these estimates
and our final liabilities may ultimately be materially
different. Our total estimated liability in respect of litigation
and regulatory proceedings is determined on a case-by-case
basis and represents an estimate of probable losses after
considering, among other factors, the progress of each case
or proceeding, our experience and the experience of others
in similar cases or proceedings, and the opinions and views
of legal counsel.
In accounting for income taxes, we estimate and provide for
potential liabilities that may arise out of tax audits to the
extent that uncertain tax positions fail to meet the
recognition standard under FASB Accounting Standards
Codification 740. See Note 24 to the consolidated financial
statements for further information about accounting for
income taxes.
Goldman Sachs 2013 Annual Report 41