Union Pacific 2012 Annual Report Download - page 63

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63
Assumptions – The weighted-average actuarial assumptions used to determine benefit obligations at
December 31:
Pension OPEB
Percentages 2012 2011 2012 2011
Discount rate 3.78% 4.54% 3.48% 4.36%
Compensation increase 3.76% 4.60% N/A N/A
Health care cost trend rate (employees under 65) N/A N/A 6.64% 6.91%
Ultimate health care cost trend rate N/A N/A 4.50% 4.50%
Year ultimate trend rate reached N/A N/A 2028 2028
Expense
Both pension and OPEB expense are determined based upon the annual service cost of benefits (the
actuarial cost of benefits earned during a period) and the interest cost on those liabilities, less the
expected return on plan assets. The expected long-term rate of return on plan assets is applied to a
calculated value of plan assets that recognizes changes in fair value over a five-year period. This practice
is intended to reduce year-to-year volatility in pension expense, but it can have the effect of delaying the
recognition of differences between actual returns on assets and expected returns based on long-term rate
of return assumptions. Differences in actual experience in relation to assumptions are not recognized in
net income immediately, but are deferred and, if necessary, amortized as pension or OPEB expense.
The components of our net periodic pension and OPEB cost/(benefit) were as follows for the years ended
December 31:
Pension OPEB
Millions 2012 2011 2010 2012 2011 2010
Net Periodic Benefit Cost:
Service cost $ 54 $ 40 $ 34 $ 3 $ 2 $ 2
Interest cost 141 145 143 15 15 16
Expected return on plan assets (190) (180) (178) - - -
Amortization of:
Prior service cost/(credit) 1 2 3 (18) (34) (45)
Actuarial loss 83 71 49 13 11 13
Net periodic benefit cost/(benefit) $ 89 $ 78 $ 51 $ 13 $ (6) $ (14)
Assumptions – The weighted-average actuarial assumptions used to determine expense were as follows
for the years ended December 31:
Pension OPEB
Percentages 2012 2011 2010 2012 2011 2010
Discount rate 4.54% 5.35% 5.90% 4.36% 5.01% 5.55%
Expected return on plan assets 7.50% 7.50% 8.00% N/A N/A N/A
Compensation increase 3.69% 4.48% 3.45% N/A N/A N/A
Health care cost trend rate (employees under 65) N/A N/A N/A 6.91% 7.07% 7.24%
Health care cost trend rate (employees over 65) N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
Ultimate health care cost trend rate N/A N/A N/A 4.50% 4.50% 4.50%
Year ultimate trend reached N/A N/A N/A 2028 2028 2028
The discount rate was based on a yield curve of high quality corporate bonds with cash flows matching
our plans’ expected benefit payments. The expected return on plan assets is based on our asset
allocation mix and our historical return, taking into account current and expected market conditions. The
actual return on pension plan assets, net of fees, was approximately 13% in 2012, 2% in 2011, and 14%
in 2010.
Assumed health care cost trend rates have a significant effect on the expense and liabilities reported for
health care plans. The assumed health care cost trend rate is based on historical rates and expected
market conditions. The 2013 assumed health care cost trend rate for employees under 65 is 6.91%. It is