National Oilwell Varco 2015 Annual Report Download - page 26

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Table of Contents

(Sources: Company management; “A Dictionary for the Petroleum Industry,” The University of
Texas at Austin, 2001.)
API Abbr: American Petroleum Institute
Annular Blowout Preventer A large valve, usually installed above the ram blowout preventers, that forms a seal in the annular
space between the pipe and the wellbore or, if no pipe is present, in the wellbore itself.
Annulus The open space around pipe in a wellbore through which fluids may pass.
Automatic Pipe Handling Systems (Automatic Pipe Racker) A device used on a drilling rig to automatically remove and insert drill stem components from
and into the hole. It replaces the need for a person to be in the derrick or mast when tripping pipe
into or out of the hole.
Automatic Roughneck A large, self-contained pipe-handling machine used by drilling crew members to make up and
break out tubulars. The device combines a spinning wrench, torque wrench, and backup
wrenches.
Beam pump Surface pump that raise and lowers sucker rods continually, so as to operate a downhole pump.
Bit The cutting or boring element used in drilling oil and gas wells. The bit consists of a cutting
element and a circulating element. The cutting element is steel teeth, tungsten carbide buttons,
industrial diamonds, or polycrystalline diamonds (“PDCs”). These teeth, buttons, or diamonds
penetrate and gouge or scrape the formation to remove it. The circulating element permits the
passage of drilling fluid and utilizes the hydraulic force of the fluid stream to improve drilling
rates. In rotary drilling, several drill collars are joined to the bottom end of the drill pipe column,
and the bit is attached to the end of the drill collars. Drill collars provide weight on the bit to
keep it in firm contact with the bottom of the hole. Most bits used in rotary drilling are roller cone
bits, but diamond bits are also used extensively.
Blowout An uncontrolled flow of gas, oil or other well fluids into the atmosphere. A blowout, or gusher,
occurs when formation pressure exceeds the pressure applied to it by the column of drilling fluid.
A kick warns of an impending blowout.
Blowout Preventer (BOP) Series of valves installed at the wellhead while drilling to prevent the escape of pressurized
fluids.
Blowout Preventer (BOP) Stack The assembly of well-control equipment including preventers, spools, valves, and nipples
connected to the top of the wellhead.
Borehole Enlargement (“BHE”) The process opening up or enlarging the internal diameter of the wellbore. This is typically done
with under-reamers, reamers, or hole openers.
Closed Loop Drilling Systems A solids control system in which the drilling mud is reconditioned and recycled through the
drilling process on the rig itself.
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